Getting a Salesforce preview sandbox requires that you have a sandbox on a preview instance in time (see Salesforce Sandbox Preview Instructions) but getting a preview scratch org is easier I think as you can still do it. Just create a scratch org org and set the release key to preview in the config-file.
$ cat config/project-scratch-def.json
{
"orgName": "foo company",
"edition": "Developer",
"country": "US",
"release": "preview",
"features": ["EnableSetPasswordInApi"],
"settings": {
"lightningExperienceSettings": {
"enableS1DesktopEnabled": true
},
"mobileSettings": {
"enableS1EncryptedStoragePref2": false
}
}
}
$ sf create org scratch -f config/project-scratch-def.json --set-default